{"id":495,"date":"2024-03-06T15:11:47","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T15:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/"},"modified":"2024-03-06T22:21:09","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T22:21:09","slug":"effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/","title":{"rendered":"Effective Methods to Stop Pomeranian Puppies from Biting"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>If you&#8217;ve recently welcomed a playful and adorable Pomeranian puppy into your home, you may have already experienced their tiny teeth sinking into your skin during playtime. While it may seem harmless at first, it&#8217;s important to address this behavior early on to prevent any potential issues as your pup grows older. In this article, we will explore a variety of effective methods to help your Pomeranian puppy learn appropriate play behavior and stop biting. From appropriate chew toys to <a href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/tips-to-stop-your-pomeranian-puppy-from-biting\/\">positive reinforcement training<\/a> techniques, you&#8217;ll soon have a well-behaved and gentle furry friend by your side.<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/bm89ZYA_2jQ\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_61 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Importance_of_Stopping_Pomeranian_Puppies_from_Biting\" title=\"Importance of Stopping Pomeranian Puppies from Biting\">Importance of Stopping Pomeranian Puppies from Biting<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Prevent_Injuries\" title=\"Prevent Injuries\">Prevent Injuries<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Maintain_Household_Harmony\" title=\"Maintain Household Harmony\">Maintain Household Harmony<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Protect_Children_and_Elderly\" title=\"Protect Children and Elderly\">Protect Children and Elderly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Avoid_Reinforcing_Aggressive_Behavior\" title=\"Avoid Reinforcing Aggressive Behavior\">Avoid Reinforcing Aggressive Behavior<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Understanding_Pomeranian_Puppy_Behavior\" title=\"Understanding Pomeranian Puppy Behavior\">Understanding Pomeranian Puppy Behavior<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Teething_Phase\" title=\"Teething Phase\">Teething Phase<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Exploration_and_Play\" title=\"Exploration and Play\">Exploration and Play<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Boundary_Testing\" title=\"Boundary Testing\">Boundary Testing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Socialization_and_Training\" title=\"Socialization and Training\">Socialization and Training<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Early_Socialization\" title=\"Early Socialization\">Early Socialization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Positive_Reinforcement_Training\" title=\"Positive Reinforcement Training\">Positive Reinforcement Training<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Consistency_in_Commands\" title=\"Consistency in Commands\">Consistency in Commands<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Reward-Based_Training\" title=\"Reward-Based Training\">Reward-Based Training<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Ignoring_Unwanted_Behavior\" title=\"Ignoring Unwanted Behavior\">Ignoring Unwanted Behavior<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Redirecting_Attention\" title=\"Redirecting Attention\">Redirecting Attention<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Creating_a_Safe_Environment\" title=\"Creating a Safe Environment\">Creating a Safe Environment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Puppy-Proofing\" title=\"Puppy-Proofing\">Puppy-Proofing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Providing_Chewing_Alternatives\" title=\"Providing Chewing Alternatives\">Providing Chewing Alternatives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Using_Baby_Gates_or_Playpens\" title=\"Using Baby Gates or Playpens\">Using Baby Gates or Playpens<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Supervision_and_Limitation\" title=\"Supervision and Limitation\">Supervision and Limitation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Effective_Bite_Inhibition_Techniques\" title=\"Effective Bite Inhibition Techniques\">Effective Bite Inhibition Techniques<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Recognize_Warning_Signs\" title=\"Recognize Warning Signs\">Recognize Warning Signs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Exercises_for_Bite_Inhibition\" title=\"Exercises for Bite Inhibition\">Exercises for Bite Inhibition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Yelping_Technique\" title=\"Yelping Technique\">Yelping Technique<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Time-out_Method\" title=\"Time-out Method\">Time-out Method<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Gentle_Touch_Technique\" title=\"Gentle Touch Technique\">Gentle Touch Technique<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Role_of_Socialization_with_Other_Dogs\" title=\"Role of Socialization with Other Dogs\">Role of Socialization with Other Dogs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Puppy_Classes\" title=\"Puppy Classes\">Puppy Classes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Developing_Bite_Inhibition_with_Other_Puppies\" title=\"Developing Bite Inhibition with Other Puppies\">Developing Bite Inhibition with Other Puppies<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Professional_Assistance\" title=\"Professional Assistance\">Professional Assistance<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Consulting_a_Professional_Trainer\" title=\"Consulting a Professional Trainer\">Consulting a Professional Trainer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Joining_Obedience_Classes\" title=\"Joining Obedience Classes\">Joining Obedience Classes<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Exercise_and_Mental_Stimulation\" title=\"Exercise and Mental Stimulation\">Exercise and Mental Stimulation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Sufficient_Physical_Activity\" title=\"Sufficient Physical Activity\">Sufficient Physical Activity<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Interactive_Toys_and_Puzzles\" title=\"Interactive Toys and Puzzles\">Interactive Toys and Puzzles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Mental_Stimulation_Games\" title=\"Mental Stimulation Games\">Mental Stimulation Games<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Addressing_Fear_and_Anxiety\" title=\"Addressing Fear and Anxiety\">Addressing Fear and Anxiety<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Identifying_Triggers\" title=\"Identifying Triggers\">Identifying Triggers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Creating_Positive_Associations\" title=\"Creating Positive Associations\">Creating Positive Associations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Gradual_Desensitization\" title=\"Gradual Desensitization\">Gradual Desensitization<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Seeking_Help_from_a_Veterinarian_or_Animal_Behaviorist\" title=\"Seeking Help from a Veterinarian or Animal Behaviorist\">Seeking Help from a Veterinarian or Animal Behaviorist<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Consistency_and_Patience\" title=\"Consistency and Patience\">Consistency and Patience<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Establishing_House_Rules\" title=\"Establishing House Rules\">Establishing House Rules<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Encouraging_Family_Members_Participation\" title=\"Encouraging Family Members&#8217; Participation\">Encouraging Family Members&#8217; Participation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Reinforcing_Training_Techniques\" title=\"Reinforcing Training Techniques\">Reinforcing Training Techniques<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/effective-methods-to-stop-pomeranian-puppies-from-biting\/#Being_Patient_and_Persistent\" title=\"Being Patient and Persistent\">Being Patient and Persistent<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_Stopping_Pomeranian_Puppies_from_Biting\"><\/span>Importance of Stopping Pomeranian Puppies from Biting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prevent_Injuries\"><\/span>Prevent Injuries<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>One of the main reasons why it is important to stop Pomeranian puppies from biting is to prevent injuries. Puppies have sharp teeth and playful natures, which can result in unintentional bites that break the skin or cause bruising. While these bites may not be intentional or aggressive, they can still cause pain and discomfort. By teaching your Pomeranian puppy not to bite, you can ensure the safety of yourself and others around them.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Maintain_Household_Harmony\"><\/span>Maintain Household Harmony<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A biting Pomeranian puppy can disrupt the harmony of your household. When puppies bite, it can be a source of frustration and annoyance, especially if they direct their biting behavior towards furniture or personal belongings. It can also create tension among family members and even cause conflicts if the biting behavior is not addressed. By training your Pomeranian puppy not to bite, you can maintain a peaceful and harmonious environment in your home.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Protect_Children_and_Elderly\"><\/span>Protect Children and Elderly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pomeranian puppies may be small in size, but their bites can still cause harm, particularly to children and elderly individuals. Children tend to be curious and may unknowingly provoke a biting response from a puppy. Elderly individuals may have fragile skin, and a Pomeranian puppy bite can result in serious injuries for them. By stopping Pomeranian puppies from biting, you can protect those who are more vulnerable in your household.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Avoid_Reinforcing_Aggressive_Behavior\"><\/span>Avoid Reinforcing Aggressive Behavior<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If Pomeranian puppies are not taught early on that biting is unacceptable behavior, they may become more prone to displaying aggressive tendencies as they grow older. By addressing biting behavior from the start, you can prevent it from escalating into more serious aggression issues. It is important to understand that biting is a normal behavior for puppies, but it is essential to teach them appropriate ways to interact without using their teeth.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_Pomeranian_Puppy_Behavior\"><\/span>Understanding Pomeranian Puppy Behavior<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teething_Phase\"><\/span>Teething Phase<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Puppies, including Pomeranians, go through a teething phase where their baby teeth start to fall out, and their adult teeth begin to erupt. This process can be uncomfortable and itchy for them, leading to an increase in chewing and biting behaviors. Understanding the teething phase is crucial in addressing biting problems as it helps you empathize with your Pomeranian puppy&#8217;s needs and provide appropriate solutions to alleviate their discomfort.<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"post-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Default_Effective_Methods_to_Stop_Pomeranian_Puppies_from_Biti_1.jpg\"><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exploration_and_Play\"><\/span>Exploration and Play<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pomeranian puppies, like all puppies, are naturally curious and love to explore their surroundings. Through exploration, they learn about their environment and develop important life skills. Play is also an integral part of a puppy&#8217;s development, and biting is often a part of that play behavior. It is essential to recognize the difference between playful biting and aggressive biting, so you can respond appropriately and teach your Pomeranian puppy the boundaries of acceptable play.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Boundary_Testing\"><\/span>Boundary Testing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pomeranian puppies, being intelligent and independent, may test boundaries to see what they can get away with. Biting can be one of the ways they push limits and seek attention or a desired response. By understanding their need to test boundaries, you can take a proactive approach in setting clear rules and consistently enforce them. This will help your Pomeranian puppy understand what behavior is acceptable and ensure they grow into well-behaved adult dogs.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Socialization_and_Training\"><\/span>Socialization and Training<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Early_Socialization\"><\/span>Early Socialization<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Early socialization is crucial for Pomeranian puppies to develop into well-adjusted and confident adult dogs. Socialization involves exposing your puppy to various people, animals, and environments to help them become comfortable and adaptable. By introducing your Pomeranian puppy to different stimuli in a positive and controlled manner, you can help prevent fear-based aggression and promote proper social behaviors. A well-socialized Pomeranian puppy is less likely to resort to biting as a defensive response.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Positive_Reinforcement_Training\"><\/span>Positive Reinforcement Training<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Positive reinforcement training is an effective and humane method to train Pomeranian puppies not to bite. This training technique involves rewarding desired behaviors, such as gentle play and appropriate chewing, with treats, praise, or other positive reinforcements. By positively reinforcing desired behaviors, you can teach your Pomeranian puppy that biting is not rewarded, and alternative behaviors are more beneficial. Consistency and patience are key when using positive reinforcement training to stop biting behavior.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Consistency_in_Commands\"><\/span>Consistency in Commands<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Consistency is crucial when training Pomeranian puppies not to bite. Use consistent commands, such as &#8220;no bite&#8221; or &#8220;gentle,&#8221; to help your puppy understand what is expected of them. Ensure that all family members and visitors follow the same rules and use consistent commands to avoid confusion for your Pomeranian puppy. By maintaining consistency in commands, you can help your puppy understand the boundaries and reduce biting incidents.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reward-Based_Training\"><\/span>Reward-Based Training<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Reward-based training involves using positive reinforcements, such as treats, praise, or play, to reward your Pomeranian puppy for desired behaviors, such as gentle play, appropriate chewing, or not biting. By rewarding good behavior, you are encouraging your puppy to repeat those behaviors in the future. This positive approach to training helps build a strong bond between you and your Pomeranian puppy while teaching them the appropriate ways to interact without using their teeth.<\/p>\n<p><div class=\"post-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Default_Effective_Methods_to_Stop_Pomeranian_Puppies_from_Biti_2.jpg\"><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ignoring_Unwanted_Behavior\"><\/span>Ignoring Unwanted Behavior<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>When your Pomeranian puppy engages in unwanted biting behavior, such as biting during play or nipping at hands, it is important to avoid rewarding or reinforcing that behavior. Instead, calmly and quietly withdraw your attention or temporarily leave the room to communicate that biting leads to a loss of interaction. By ignoring unwanted behavior, you are teaching your puppy that biting does not result in the desired response and they are more likely to learn alternative, non-biting behaviors.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Redirecting_Attention\"><\/span>Redirecting Attention<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Redirecting your Pomeranian puppy&#8217;s attention can be an effective method to prevent biting. When you notice your puppy beginning to bite or nip, redirect their attention to an appropriate chewing toy or another engaging activity. By providing them with an alternative outlet for their chewing and play behaviors, you are helping them learn that biting on objects or toys is acceptable, while biting on people or furniture is not. This redirection technique helps reinforce the desired behavior and discourages biting behavior.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Creating_a_Safe_Environment\"><\/span>Creating a Safe Environment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Puppy-Proofing\"><\/span>Puppy-Proofing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Puppy-proofing your home is essential to create a safe environment for your Pomeranian puppy and reduce the likelihood of biting incidents. Remove any hazardous items, such as electrical cords, toxic plants, or small objects that could be swallowed. Secure loose cables and ensure that valuable or sentimental items are safely stored to prevent your puppy from chewing on them. By eliminating potential hazards, you can minimize the chances of your Pomeranian puppy resorting to biting as a result of curiosity or boredom.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Providing_Chewing_Alternatives\"><\/span>Providing Chewing Alternatives<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pomeranian puppies have a natural instinct to chew, particularly during their teething phase. To prevent them from biting furniture, shoes, or other inappropriate items, provide them with a variety of safe and appropriate chewing alternatives. This can include chew toys designed for teething puppies or durable chew bones. By satisfying their need to chew, you can redirect their biting behavior onto appropriate objects and teach them what is acceptable to bite.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Using_Baby_Gates_or_Playpens\"><\/span>Using Baby Gates or Playpens<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Using baby gates or playpens can help create a designated and safe space for your Pomeranian puppy, especially when you are unable to supervise them closely. These barriers can prevent your puppy from accessing certain areas of your home where they may encounter hazards or engage in unwanted biting behavior. By limiting their access to specific areas and providing them with a safe and controlled environment, you can better manage their behavior and reduce the chances of biting incidents.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supervision_and_Limitation\"><\/span>Supervision and Limitation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Supervision is essential when trying to stop Pomeranian puppies from biting. Keep a close eye on your puppy to anticipate and prevent unwanted biting behavior. If you notice your puppy becoming too excited or exhibiting signs of biting, redirect their attention or calmly remove them from the situation. Additionally, limit the duration of play sessions to prevent overstimulation, as this can sometimes lead to biting. By actively supervising your Pomeranian puppy and setting limitations, you can effectively manage their behavior and reduce biting incidents.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effective_Bite_Inhibition_Techniques\"><\/span>Effective Bite Inhibition Techniques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recognize_Warning_Signs\"><\/span>Recognize Warning Signs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Recognizing warning signs can help you intervene before your Pomeranian puppy bites. Signs such as growling, snarling, or snapping indicate that your puppy is not comfortable or feels threatened. Pay close attention to their body language and respond appropriately by redirecting their attention or removing them from the stressful situation. By addressing their discomfort or fear early on, you can prevent biting incidents and promote healthy communication between you and your Pomeranian puppy.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exercises_for_Bite_Inhibition\"><\/span>Exercises for Bite Inhibition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bite inhibition refers to a puppy&#8217;s ability to control the force of their bite. Teaching bite inhibition helps your Pomeranian puppy understand that biting can cause pain and teaches them to use a gentler mouth during play. Gentle exercises, such as offering your hand as a play object and rewarding your puppy for controlled bites, can help them learn bite inhibition. Gradually increase the sensitivity threshold, rewarding softer bites while discouraging harder ones. This technique helps your Pomeranian puppy develop appropriate bite inhibition, reducing the chances of accidental injuries.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Yelping_Technique\"><\/span>Yelping Technique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The yelping technique is a method borrowed from how puppies communicate with each other during play. When your Pomeranian puppy bites too hard, give a high-pitched yelp to imitate the sound of a puppy in pain. This sudden, unexpected noise can startle your puppy and teach them that biting too hard results in the end of play. After yelping, immediately withdraw your attention for a few moments to reinforce the message that biting is not acceptable behavior. Over time, your Pomeranian puppy will learn to regulate the force of their bites to avoid the unpleasant reaction.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Time-out_Method\"><\/span>Time-out Method<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The time-out method involves temporarily removing your Pomeranian puppy from a stimulating situation when they engage in biting behavior. When your puppy bites, calmly and quietly pick them up and place them in a designated time-out area, such as a playpen or a closed-off room. Leave them there for a short period, typically around 30 seconds to a minute, before allowing them back into the play area. This method helps your Pomeranian puppy understand that biting leads to a loss of access to enjoyable activities and reinforces the message that biting is not acceptable.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gentle_Touch_Technique\"><\/span>Gentle Touch Technique<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The gentle touch technique is a positive reinforcement method that rewards your Pomeranian puppy for calming down and using a gentle touch during play. When your puppy starts to bite, immediately stop all movement and interaction. Wait for a moment of calm and then gently resume play, rewarding gentle and non-biting behavior with praise and attention. By reinforcing gentle play and ceasing interaction when biting occurs, you are teaching your Pomeranian puppy that gentle behavior is rewarded, while biting results in the loss of playtime.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Socialization_with_Other_Dogs\"><\/span>Role of Socialization with Other Dogs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Puppy_Classes\"><\/span>Puppy Classes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Enrolling your Pomeranian puppy in puppy classes is a great way to enhance their socialization skills and teach them appropriate bite inhibition. Puppy classes provide a controlled environment in which puppies can interact and learn from each other under the supervision of a professional trainer. These classes expose your Pomeranian puppy to various breeds and temperaments, helping them develop social skills and bite inhibition through positive interactions with other dogs.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Developing_Bite_Inhibition_with_Other_Puppies\"><\/span>Developing Bite Inhibition with Other Puppies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>During socialization with other puppies, your Pomeranian puppy will have the opportunity to engage in play and learn bite inhibition from their peers. Through play sessions, puppies naturally communicate and establish boundaries, and biting too hard often elicits a vocal response or resistance from other puppies. Encouraging supervised playdates with other well-mannered and vaccinated puppies allows your Pomeranian puppy to learn bite inhibition through constructive interactions, promoting healthier social behaviors in the future.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Professional_Assistance\"><\/span>Professional Assistance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Consulting_a_Professional_Trainer\"><\/span>Consulting a Professional Trainer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If your Pomeranian puppy&#8217;s biting behavior persists or escalates, seeking guidance from a professional dog trainer can be highly beneficial. A trainer experienced in working with Pomeranians can assess the underlying causes of the biting behavior and develop a customized training plan to address the issue effectively. They can provide valuable tips and techniques specifically tailored to Pomeranians, taking into account their unique traits and tendencies. Consulting a professional trainer can provide you with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively stop your Pomeranian puppy from biting.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Joining_Obedience_Classes\"><\/span>Joining Obedience Classes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Obedience classes can provide structured training and socialization opportunities for your Pomeranian puppy. These classes focus on teaching basic commands, proper leash manners, and appropriate behavior. By attending obedience classes, you and your Pomeranian puppy can learn together in a controlled environment under the guidance of a professional trainer. These classes not only address biting behavior but also promote overall obedience and good manners, helping your Pomeranian puppy become a well-rounded and well-behaved companion.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exercise_and_Mental_Stimulation\"><\/span>Exercise and Mental Stimulation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sufficient_Physical_Activity\"><\/span>Sufficient Physical Activity<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pomeranians are active and energetic dogs that require regular physical exercise to keep them happy and healthy. Engaging in daily walks, playtime, or outdoor activities can help release your Pomeranian puppy&#8217;s excess energy, reducing the likelihood of engaging in unwanted biting behavior. Additionally, exercise promotes mental well-being, providing a positive outlet for your puppy&#8217;s energy and potentially decreasing their overall levels of stress and anxiety.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interactive_Toys_and_Puzzles\"><\/span>Interactive Toys and Puzzles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Providing interactive toys and puzzles can help keep your Pomeranian puppy mentally stimulated and entertained. These toys require problem-solving skills, encouraging your puppy to focus their attention on interactive play rather than biting. Interactive toys, such as treat-dispensing toys or puzzle games, provide mental stimulation and help redirect your puppy&#8217;s energy towards appropriate chewing and play behaviors. By offering engaging and challenging toys, you can keep your Pomeranian puppy occupied and less likely to resort to biting out of boredom.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mental_Stimulation_Games\"><\/span>Mental Stimulation Games<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In addition to interactive toys, mental stimulation games can be a great way to engage your Pomeranian puppy&#8217;s mind and redirect their biting behavior. Simple games, such as hide-and-seek or scent games, can provide mental exercise and encourage problem-solving skills. Teaching basic obedience commands or entertaining your puppy with trick training sessions can also keep their mind engaged and reduce the likelihood of impulsive biting behavior. By incorporating mental stimulation into your puppy&#8217;s daily routine, you can help prevent boredom-related biting.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Addressing_Fear_and_Anxiety\"><\/span>Addressing Fear and Anxiety<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Identifying_Triggers\"><\/span>Identifying Triggers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Fear and anxiety can contribute to biting behavior in Pomeranian puppies. It is important to identify and understand the triggers that cause fear or anxiety in your puppy. Common triggers may include loud noises, unfamiliar environments, or certain types of human or animal interactions. By recognizing these triggers, you can take steps to minimize your puppy&#8217;s exposure to them or implement desensitization and counter-conditioning techniques to help them develop positive associations and reduce fear-related biting.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Creating_Positive_Associations\"><\/span>Creating Positive Associations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Creating positive associations with previously fear-inducing stimuli can help your Pomeranian puppy overcome their fears and reduce biting behavior. For example, if your puppy is afraid of loud noises, try playing low-volume recordings of those noises while engaging in calming activities or offering treats. By gradually increasing the intensity of the sound and associating it with positive experiences, such as treats or play, you can help your puppy overcome their fear and decrease biting incidents stemming from fear or anxiety.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gradual_Desensitization\"><\/span>Gradual Desensitization<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Desensitization involves gradually exposing your Pomeranian puppy to fear-inducing stimuli in a controlled and positive manner. Start with very low levels of the triggering stimulus and gradually increase the intensity or duration over time, always ensuring your puppy remains calm and comfortable. By gradually acclimating your puppy to their triggers, you can help them build confidence and reduce their fear response, ultimately decreasing the likelihood of biting related to fear or anxiety.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Seeking_Help_from_a_Veterinarian_or_Animal_Behaviorist\"><\/span>Seeking Help from a Veterinarian or Animal Behaviorist<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>If your Pomeranian puppy&#8217;s fear or anxiety issues persist despite your efforts, it may be beneficial to seek professional help from a veterinarian or animal behaviorist. These professionals can assess your puppy&#8217;s specific needs and develop a comprehensive behavior modification plan. They may also provide guidance on the use of anti-anxiety medications or natural supplements to aid in managing your puppy&#8217;s fear or anxiety. Seeking professional guidance can provide you with the expertise and support needed to address fear-related biting behavior effectively.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Consistency_and_Patience\"><\/span>Consistency and Patience<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Establishing_House_Rules\"><\/span>Establishing House Rules<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Consistency is key when stopping Pomeranian puppies from biting. Establish clear house rules regarding biting and ensure that all family members are aware of and follow these rules. Consistency in enforcing the rules helps your puppy understand the boundaries and expectations, reducing confusion and promoting faster learning. By establishing and maintaining consistent house rules, you are actively preventing your Pomeranian puppy from developing unwanted biting behavior.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Encouraging_Family_Members_Participation\"><\/span>Encouraging Family Members&#8217; Participation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Effective training and stopping biting behavior requires the involvement and cooperation of all family members. Encourage everyone in your household to participate in training and consistently reinforce the desired behavior. This includes the use of consistent commands, providing appropriate redirection and positive reinforcement, and avoiding reinforcement or rewards for biting behavior. By involving the whole family in the training process, you can ensure that your Pomeranian puppy receives consistent messages and learns appropriate behavior from everyone.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reinforcing_Training_Techniques\"><\/span>Reinforcing Training Techniques<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Consistently reinforcing training techniques is essential for successfully stopping biting behavior in Pomeranian puppies. Regular training sessions and reinforcement of desired behaviors help solidify the training principles and ensure long-term success. Make training a part of your daily routine, providing opportunities for your Pomeranian puppy to practice self-control and appropriate play behavior. By reinforcing training techniques consistently, you can establish a strong foundation for your puppy&#8217;s behavior and effectively address biting issues.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Being_Patient_and_Persistent\"><\/span>Being Patient and Persistent<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Stopping Pomeranian puppies from biting requires patience and persistence on your part. Puppies learn at their own pace, and it may take time for your Pomeranian puppy to understand and consistently follow the training guidelines. Be patient with your puppy and avoid getting frustrated or discouraged. Consistency and repetition are key to success, so continue reinforcing desired behaviors, redirecting biting, and providing appropriate alternatives. With time and consistent guidance, your Pomeranian puppy will learn to control their biting behavior and develop into a well-mannered and gentle adult dog.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, stopping Pomeranian puppies from biting is crucial for preventing injuries, maintaining household harmony, protecting vulnerable individuals, and avoiding reinforcement of aggressive behavior. Understanding Pomeranian puppy behavior, focusing on socialization and training, creating a safe environment, implementing effective bite inhibition techniques, and seeking professional assistance when necessary are all vital components in achieving this goal. Additionally, exercising and mentally stimulating your puppy, addressing fear and anxiety, and maintaining consistency and patience throughout the training process contribute to successfully stopping biting behavior. By following these comprehensive methods, you can ensure a happy and well-behaved Pomeranian companion for years to come.<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn effective methods to stop Pomeranian puppies from biting. Prevent injuries, maintain household harmony, protect children and elderly, and avoid reinforcing aggressive behavior. Understand Pomeranian puppy behavior, socialization,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":516,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[42,11,89,58],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=495"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":519,"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions\/519"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pomeraniano.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}